Shallum
From Bible Exegesis
Retribution.
(1.) The son of Jabesh, otherwise unknown. He “conspired against Zachariah, and smote him before the people, and slew him, and reigned in his stead” (2Ki_15:10). He reigned only “a month of days in Samaria” (2Ki_15:13, marg.). Menahem rose up against Shallum and put him to death (2Ki_15:14, 2Ki_15:15, 2Ki_15:17), and became king in his stead.
(2.) Keeper of the temple vestments in the reign of Josiah (2Ki_22:14).
(3.) One of the posterity of Judah (1Ch_2:40, 1Ch_2:41).
(4.) A descendant of Simeon (1Ch_4:25).
(5.) One of the line of the high priests (1Ch_6:13).
(6.) 1Ch_7:13.
(7.) A keeper of the gate in the reign of David (1Ch_9:17).
(8.) A Levite porter (1Ch_9:19, 1Ch_9:31; Jer_35:4).
(9.) An Ephraimite chief (2Ch_28:12).
(10.) The uncle of the prophet Jeremiah (Jer_32:7).
(11.) A son of king Josiah (1Ch_3:15; Jer_22:11), who was elected to succeed his father on the throne, although he was two years younger than his brother Eliakim. He assumed the crown under the name of Jehoahaz (q.v.). He did not imitate the example of his father (2Ki_23:32), but was “a young lion, and it learned to catch the prey; it devoured men” (Eze_19:3). His policy was anti-Egyptian therefore. Necho, at that time at Riblah, sent an army against Jerusalem, which at once yielded, and Jehoahaz was carried captive to the Egyptian camp, Eliakim being appointed king in his stead. He remained a captive in Egypt till his death, and was the first king of Judah that died in exile.
Shallum (1)
shal´um (שׁלּוּם, shallūm, שׁלּם, shallum; various forms in the Septuagint): This is the name of not less than 12 Hebrew persons:
(1) The youngest son of Naphtali (1Ch_7:13). He is also called “Shillem” in Gen_46:24; Num_26:49.
(2) A descendant of Simeon, the son of Shaul and the father of Mibsam (1Ch_4:25). He lived in 1618 BC.
(3) The son of Sismai “son” of Shesham of the tribe of Judah (1Ch_2:40, 1Ch_2:41). He lived in 1300 BC.
(4) A son of Kore, a porter of the sanctuary during the reign of David (1Ch_9:17, 1Ch_9:19, 1Ch_9:31; Ezr_2:42; Neh_7:45). The name is also written “Meshullam” in Neh_12:25, “Salum” in 1 Esdras 5:28, “Meshelemiah” in 1Ch_26:1, 1Ch_26:2, 1Ch_26:9, and “Shelemiah” in 1Ch_26:14. He lived about 1050 BC.
(5) A son of Zadok and father of Hilkiah, a high priest and ancestor of Ezra the scribe (1Ch_6:12, 1Ch_6:13; Ezr_7:2). In the works of Josephus he is called “Sallumus”; in 1 Esdras 8:1, “Salem,” and in 2 Esdras 1:1, “Salemas.”
(6) The 15th king of Israel. See following article.
(7) A son of Bani, a priest who had taken a heathen wife and was compelled by Ezra the scribe to put her away (Ezr_10:42; omitted in 1 Esdras 9:34).
(8) The father of Jehizkiah, an Ephraimite in the time of Ahaz king of Israel (2Ch_28:12).
(9) The husband of the prophetess Huldah (2Ki_22:14; 2Ch_34:22). He was the keeper of the sacred wardrobe and was probably the uncle of Jeremiah the prophet (Jer_32:7; compare Jer_35:4).
(10) King of Judah and son of Josiah (Jer_22:11; 1Ch_3:15), better known by the name Jehoahaz II. This name he received when he ascended the throne of the kingdom of Judah (2Ch_36:1).
(11) A Levite who was a porter at the time of Ezra (Ezr_10:24; “Sallumus” in 1 Esdras 9:25).
(12) A ruler over a part of Jerusalem and a son of Hallohesh. He with his daughters aided in building the walls of Jerusalem in the time of Nehemiah (Neh_3:12).
Shallum (2)
(שׁלּוּם, shallūm, שׁלּם, shallum, “the requited one” (2Ki_15:10-15)):
The 15th king of Israel, and successor of Zechariah, whom he publicly assassinated in the 7th month of his reign. Nothing more is known of Shallum than that he was a son of Jabesh, which may indicate that he was a Gileadite from beyond Jordan. He is said to have made “a conspiracy” against Zechariah, so was not alone in his crime. The conspirators, however, had but a short-lived success, as, when Shallum had “reigned for the space of a month in Samaria,” Menahem, then at Tirzah, one of the minor capitals of the kingdom, went up to Samaria, slew him and took his place.
It was probably at this time that Syria threw off the yoke of tribute to Israel (see Jeroboam II), as when next we meet with that kingdom, it is under its own king and in alliance with Samaria (2Ki_16:5).
The 10 years of rule given to Menahem (2Ki_15:17) may be taken to include the few months of military violence under Zechariah and Shallum, and cover the full years 758-750, with portions of years before and after counted as whole ones. The unsuccessful usurpation of Shallum may therefore be put in 758 BC (some date lower).
